Do You Know Your Enterotype?

The human body is home to a vast array of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, yeasts, fungi, and archaea. There are over 100 billion types of bacteria in the human gut, and the mix of these bacteria is a key factor influencing our health.

Researchers have discovered that humans can be classified into three categories based on their gut bacteria composition—known as enterotypes. Interestingly, factors such as age, gender, nationality, or well-being do not influence these three enterotypes.

Classification into Three Enterotypes:

The composition of a person’s gut flora largely depends on their diet. For instance, the gut type of meat-eaters differs significantly from that of vegetarians.

Enterotype 1: In the gut of meat-eaters, *Bacteroides* bacteria dominate. These bacteria digest saturated fats and animal proteins and help produce vitamins B2, B5, B7, and C.
Enterotype 2: For vegetarians, *Prevotella* bacteria take center stage. They specialize in breaking down glycoprotein complexes and are also capable of producing folic acid and vitamin B1.
Enterotype 3: Accounting for nearly 70% of the population, *Ruminococcus* bacteria form the largest group. This bacterial strain processes sugar-protein complexes as well as carbohydrates, making it a generalist for omnivorous diets.

The gut flora can adapt quickly to dietary changes. Researchers have observed that after just one day on a specific diet, the composition of participants' gut bacteria shifted. Medical experts hope that understanding the relationship between diet and gut flora will lead to new strategies for combating obesity.

Overview of Enterotypes:

• Enterotype 1 (Bacteroides): Produces vitamins B2, B5, B7, and C; breaks down carbohydrates and proteins.
• Enterotype 2 (Prevotella): Produces vitamin B1 and folic acid; breaks down sugar-protein complexes.
• Enterotype 3 (Ruminococcus): Breaks down sugar-protein complexes and carbohydrates.