Neurodermatitis

Gently care for your atopic dermatitis skin with RAU Cosmetics. Our specially developed products offer effective support for skin care.

Magnesium Active Body Oil 250 ml - LIMITED EDITION

Entdecken Sie das Geheimnis revitalisierter Haut mit MAGNESIUM ACTIVE BODY OIL von RAU Cosmetics Nach intensiven Trainingseinheiten oder einem langen Tag voller Aktivitäten verdient Ihre Haut eine besondere Behandlung. Unser MAGNESIUM ACTIVE BODY OIL wurde speziell entwickelt, um den Bedürfnissen aktiver Menschen gerecht zu werden und die Haut optimal zu regenerieren und zu pflegen.Die entscheidende Rolle von Magnesium: Magnesium ist ein lebenswichtiges Mineral, das eine Schlüsselrolle in unserem Organismus spielt, einschließlich der Förderung der Muskelentspannung und der Verringerung von Ermüdungserscheinungen. Es unterstützt über 300 biochemische Reaktionen im Körper, darunter solche, die für die Hautregeneration und -heilung entscheidend sind. Die regelmäßige Anwendung unseres mit Magnesium angereicherten Öls kann dazu beitragen, den Magnesiumspiegel der Haut zu verbessern, Muskelverspannungen zu lindern und die allgemeine Hautgesundheit zu fördern. Dies macht es zu einem unverzichtbaren Bestandteil Ihrer Erholungsroutine, besonders nach dem Sport. Natürliche Inhaltsstoffe für Ihre Hautpflege: Angereichert mit hochwertigem Biotin, Aloe Vera und Panthenol, versorgt unser Magnesiumöl die Haut mit essenziellen Nährstoffen und Feuchtigkeit. Biotin, bekannt als das Schönheitsvitamin, trägt zur Erhaltung einer gesunden Haut bei, während Aloe Vera mit seinen kühlenden und entzündungshemmenden Eigenschaften Irritationen lindert und die Haut beruhigt. Panthenol, oder Provitamin B5, unterstützt die Hautregeneration und stärkt die Hautbarriere, um Feuchtigkeit besser zu speichern. Regeneration und Pflege: MAGNESIUM ACTIVE BODY OIL kombiniert die Vorteile von Magnesiumchlorid mit einer Reihe sorgfältig ausgewählter Bio-Öle, darunter Amaranthus Caudatus Seed Oil und Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil. Diese Inhaltsstoffe sind bekannt für ihre entzündungshemmenden und heilenden Eigenschaften, die dazu beitragen, die Haut nach dem Sport zu beruhigen und wieder ins Gleichgewicht zu bringen. Leichte und effektive Anwendung: Für optimale Ergebnisse schütteln Sie das Öl vor Gebrauch gut durch. Tragen Sie es dann auf die gereinigte Haut auf und lassen Sie es etwa 3 Minuten lang einwirken. Anschließend spülen Sie es mit klarem Wasser ab. Das Öl ist für die tägliche Anwendung geeignet und kann bei Bedarf auch über Nacht einwirken gelassen werden, besonders nach intensiver sportlicher Aktivität. Vertrauen Sie auf Natürlichkeit: Unser MAGNESIUM ACTIVE BODY OIL ist frei von Parabenen, Silikonen und künstlichen Farbstoffen. Mit seiner reinen Formel, bestehend aus zertifizierten Bio-Inhaltsstoffen, ist es auch für empfindliche Haut geeignet und unterstützt eine gesunde und natürliche Hautpflege. Anwendungsempfehlung: Um die besten Ergebnisse zu erzielen, empfehlen wir die regelmäßige Anwendung unseres Magnesiumöls nach dem Sport oder nach Bedarf. Nicht auf Schleimhäuten, offenen Wunden oder frisch rasierten Hautstellen anwenden. Bei empfindlicher Haut empfehlen wir, das Produkt zunächst an einer kleinen Stelle zu testen. Revitalisieren Sie Ihre Haut mit dem MAGNESIUM ACTIVE BODY OIL von RAU Cosmetics – Ihrer Geheimwaffe für eine gesunde, genährte und strahlende Haut nach jedem Abenteuer.INGREDIENTS:Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice*, Magnesium Chloride, Glycerin*,Amaranthus Caudatus Seed Oil*, Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil*, Lecithin,Acacia Gum, Tocopherol, Dextrin, Retinyl Palmitate, Biotin, SodiumBenzoate, Sodium Levulinate, Sodium Anisate, Aqua, Citric Acid. (* =certified organic; ** =component from natural oil or extract)

Content: 0.25 Liter (HK$594.72* / 1 Liter)

HK$148.68*

10.82 %

Mineral Mask 50 ml Mattifying Face Mask

Mineral Mask ✔ mousy cream mask ✔ can soothe the skin ✔ with pure, allergen-free Rügen healing chalk ✔ pH-value regulating ✔ developed & produced in Germany Skin type The cream mask is suitable for especially impure & sensitive / delicate skin. Application Apply to cleansed face and leave on for 10-20 minutes.The mask should be dried - only then you can remove it with lukewarm water. CAN - restore damaged skin flora to its natural balance - reduce impurities- soften oily skin- refine pores- soothe skin Hazard statementsNot suitable for children under 3 years of age. Our Mineral Mask is a mousy face mask for blemished skin, oily skin or skin prone to pimples, blackheads, acne and atopic dermatitis. The gentle and effective ingredients can bring your skin back into balance. The active ingredients of the face mask for impure skin: The main active ingredient of this face mask is Rügen healing chalk. Extracted from the natural chalk deposits of the island of Rügen, this healing clay is a pure and allergen-free natural product and is therefore also suitable for sensitive skin. The special healing chalk increases the barrier function of the skin and regulates the moisture balance. In addition, thanks to the healing chalk, the face mask can have a balancing and mattifying effect, which makes it the ideal care product for oily skin and overproduction of the sebaceous glands. Furthermore, the face mask can soothe, nourish and inhibit sweat production. It can also prevent the growth of bacteria and thus the development of impurities. Responsible for these effects are sage and zinc. Regeneration can also be promoted by the face mask, as the contained calcium has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. The face mask for impure skin is rounded off by nourishing active ingredients such as shea butter and lactic acid. The damaged skin flora is restored to its natural balance and propionibacterium acnes is actively combated. Ingredients AQUA (WATER) - water - solvent, moisturizes CALCIUM CARBONATE - calcium carbonate - regulates and stabilizes the pH of cosmetic products CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE - Vegetable neutral oil - Smoothes the skin, has a moisturizing effect CETYL ALCOHOL - Cetyl alcohol - supports emulsion formation and improves product stability, Makes the skin smooth and supple, Improves the odor of a product and/or perfumes the skin GLYCERIN - Glycerin - moisturizes the skin, plant-based GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) OIL - Soybean oil - skin nourishing, improves the smell of the product ZINC OXIDE - zinc oxide - antimicrobial, skin protective, protects skin from harmful UV radiation MAGNESIUM ALUMINUM SILICATE - magnesium aluminum silicate - absorbs finely dispersed substances GRAPE (VITIS VINIFERA) SEED OIL - grape oil - nourishes the skin, keeps it in good condition and makes the skin soft and supple CERA ALBA (BEESWAX) - beeswax - gives the product a pleasant smell, makes the skin smooth and soft CETEARYL GLUCOSIDE - dextrose - condensation product of cetearyl alcohol and glucose (dextrose) - surfactant that has a cleansing effect CANDIDA BOMBICOLA/GLUCOSE/METHYL RAPESEEDATE FERMENT - yeast fungi of the Candida genus - substance for cleansing the skin - antimicrobial, skin-protecting, cleansing, sebum-regulating, washing active agent BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII BUTTER ( SHEABUTTER) - shea butter - skin nourishing, viscosity regulating GLYCERYL STEARATE - surfactant - makes skin smooth and supple SAGE (SALVIA OFFICINALIS) LEAF EXTRACT- Royal Sage - can prevent dermatitis and/or alleviate its symptoms, can act against dandruff, creates a pleasant feeling on the skin AMYRIS BALSAMIFERA BARK OIL - sandalwood - improves the smell of the product RIBES NIGRUM (BLACK CURRENT) FRUIT EXTRACT - black currant - can help in the removal of dead skin cells PROPYLENE GLYCOL - propylene glycol - solvent, moisturizer, skin conditioner, viscosity regulator TOCOPHERYL ACETATE - antioxidant - skin conditioning SODIUM HYDROXIDE - sodium hydroxide - stabilizer - influences stability and quality of the product LACTIC ACID - Lactic acid - moisturizing, skin care, regulates / stabilizes the pH of cosmetic products ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN - ethylhexylglycerin - skin caring PARFUM (FRAGRANCE) - fragrance GLUCOSE - glucose - binds moisture in cosmetic products TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE - stabilizer - influences stability and quality of the product PHENOXYETHANOL - Phenoxyethanol - antimicrobial, protects the product from spoilage POTASSIUM SORBATE - potassium salt - protects the product from microbial spoilage and gives the product a pleasant smell SODIUM BENZOATE - sodium salt - protects the product from microbial spoilage and gives the product a pleasant smell

Content: 0.05 Liter (HK$5,041.00* / 1 Liter)

HK$252.05* HK$282.62*

9.98 %

New

Silver Face & Body Spray 200 ml with Panthenol & Microsilver

Silver Face & Body Spray ✔ refreshing face & body spray ✔ antibacterial, soothing, emollient & moisturising ✔ pH value: approx. 7.0 ✔ against skin impurities and irritations ✔ developed & produced in Germany Skin type The face and body spray is particularly suitable for sensitive and impure skin. Application Spray evenly onto the desired areas. Use several times a day if necessary. Also suitable as a tonic. CAN - Moisturise- counteract impurities- soothe the skin- counteract redness- stabilise the skin Hazard statements Not suitable for children under 3 years of age. Silver Face & Body Spray can help you get rid of skin impurities and irritations. Pimples, irritation after hair removal, razor burn, sunburn, insect bites - many annoying matters that bother you and your skin. That's where the Silver Face & Body Spray comes in. The spray's combination of active ingredients: The spray belongs to our top-selling series, the Silver Series, which has already helped numerous customers to achieve clear and even skin with its main active ingredient MicroSilver BG™. Our new RAU Silver Face & Body Spray can soothe skin irritations and support skin regeneration. In addition, microsilver actively combats skin impurities. The fine silver ions gently neutralise germs directly on the skin surface. The spray also contains panthenol, a popular active ingredient to soothe and moisturise the skin. The spray is particularly practical. It's hygienic, you don't have to get your hands dirty, just spray it on and a large area is covered. It's also easy to apply to the back and fight pimples there too. We also like to use the soothing spray after shaving - the skin is soothed and immediately supplied with moisture. This prevents irritation. With regular use, the skin can be permanently stabilised. Ingredients AQUA (WATER) - Water - Solvent, moisturises GLYCERIN - Glycerin - Moisturises the skin, plant-based PROPYLENE GLYCOL - solvent - moisturising, skin conditioning, viscosity regulating POLYGLYCERYL-4 CAPRATE - polymerised glycerin - surfactant / emulsifier, enables formation of emulsions PANTHENOL - panthenol - regeneration and renewal of damaged skin, soothing and anti-inflammatory, promotes cell growth SILVER - Silver - antibacterial, anti-inflammatory ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN - ethylhexylglycerin - skin nourishing XANTHAN GUM - Xanthan Gum - Enables the formation of emulsions, increases the viscosity of cosmetic products PARFUM (FRAGRANCE) - Fragrance PHENOXYETHANOL - Phenoxyethanol - antimicrobial, protects the product from spoilage TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE - stabiliser - influences stability and quality of the product CITRIC ACID - citric acid - reduces keratinised skin, blackheads, acne scars, fine wrinkles, pore width/depth LINALOOL - fragrance LIMONENE - fragrance SODIUM HYDROXIDE - Caustic soda - Regulates and stabilises the pH of the product

Content: 0.2 Liter (HK$1,378.40* / 1 Liter)

HK$275.68* HK$306.26*

3.4 %

Silver Facial Washgel 200 ml Microsilver Cleanser

SILVER FACIAL WASH GEL 200 ML ✔ Gentle & gentle cleansing ✔s uitable for all skin types ✔ Antimicrobial effect due to microsilver BG ✔ has a moisturising and soothing effect ✔ Developed & produced in Germany SKIN TYPE The wash gel is suitable for all skin types - especially for impure skin! APPLICATION Shake well before use, then apply to the face and massage in for approx. 1-2 minutes to perfectly dissolve dirt. Then remove with warm water. CAN - improve skin texture - reduce impurities - moisturise - reduce oily skin HAZARD WARNINGS Not suitable for children under 3 years of age. Our Silver Facial Washgel is the special wash gel for impure skin, skin with blackheads and oily skin. The wash gel has an antimicrobial effect thanks to Microsilver BG and an anti-inflammatory effect thanks to Maclura cochinchinensis extract. The active ingredients of the Microsilver Wash Gel: The main active ingredient of the wash gel against impurities is microsilver. It has an antimicrobial effect and can prevent excessive germ colonisation by gently neutralising germs directly on the skin surface with the fine silver ions. This results in fewer pimples and blackheads. In addition, microsilver can have an anti-inflammatory effect. As a certified natural product, microsilver is very well tolerated and is also suitable for sensitive skin. The microsilver BG used here is ultra-fine particles of elemental silver, which can sometimes be visible accumulated in the bottle. Another main active ingredient is a plant extract from Maclura cochinchinensis. This has been scientifically proven to reduce inflammation and soothe the signs of acne and pimples. It can also reduce the production of sebum and thus shrink the pores. The plant extract also has a retinoic acid-like effect, which means that it can contribute to a more even and youthful skin appearance. INGREDIENTS AQUA (WATER) - Water - solvent, moisturises COCAMIDOPROPYL BETAINE - surfactant - cleanses the skin, improves foam quality, cleansing active substance for cleansing the skin GLYCERIN - Glycerin - Moisturises the skin, plant-based PEG-18 GLYCERYL OLEATE/COCOATE - Surfactant - Enables the formation of emulsions PEG-7 GLYCERYL COCOATE - Surfactant - Washing active substance for cleansing the skin SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE - Surfactant - Cleanses the skin, enables the formation of emulsions, Washing active substance for cleansing the skin PARFUM (FRAGRANCE) - fragrance SILVER - silver - antibacterial, anti-inflammatory MACLURA COCHINCHINENSIS LEAF PRENYLFLAVONOIDS - Maclura Cochinchinensis Leaf Prenylflavonoids - antioxidant of plant origin - skin conditioning ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN - Ethylhexylglycerin - skin conditioning LACTIC ACID - Lactic acid - moisturising, skin conditioning, regulates / stabilises the pH value of cosmetic products LAURYL GLUCOSIDE - condensation product of lauryl alcohol and glucose (dextrose) - very skin-compatible sugar tenside (cleansing) made from vegetable raw materials, completely biodegradable. TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE - stabiliser - stabilises cosmetic products SODIUM HYDROXIDE - Sodiumhydro xide - regulates and stabilises the pH-value PHENOXYETHANOL - Phenoxyethanol - antimicrobial, preservative (protects against spoilage) PROPANEDIOL - solvent *MicroSilver BG is a registered trademark of Bio-Gate AG

Content: 0.2 Liter (HK$984.50* / 1 Liter)

HK$196.90* HK$203.83*

2.26 %

Silvercream 50 ml Cream Against Pimples with Impurities for Men And Women

Silvercream 50 ml ✔ special cream for impure skin and acne. ✔ has a calming, soothing & anti-inflammatory effect ✔ also suitable for neurodermatitis ✔ antimicrobial effect due to MicroSilver BG ✔ developed & produced in Germany Skin type The face cream is particularly suitable for impure skin & neurodermatitis. Application Apply the silver cream and massage it in gently. For impure and inflamed skin, apply to cleansed skin in the morning and evening for the first 4-6 weeks, then use only in the evening as needed. Use as a day and night cream for atopic dermatitis and acne. Additionally against impure skin: Use the Silver Face Mask or the Mineral Mask 1-2 times a week. CAN - reduce redness and pimples- clarify and mattify the complexion- normalize oily problem skin - regulate the sebaceous secretion of the skin- relieve itching- soothe the skin Hazard statements Not for children under 3 years of age.Avoid contact with eyes. Our Silvercream from the Silver series is the special cream for impure skin, pimples, acne, blackheads, dermatitis and neurodermatitis. Thanks to the main active ingredient microsilver (Biogate), Silvercream can be the special cure for problem skin. It can have a calming, soothing, anti-itching & anti-inflammatory effect. The active ingredients of the microsilver cream: The main active ingredient is microsilver. The MicroSilver BG used here is ultra-fine particles of elemental silver that can create an antimicrobial effect on the skin and neutralize bacteria and fungi directly on the skin surface, even in small concentrations, thanks to the metallic silver ions. This reduces the risk of impurities with the silver cream. As a certified natural product, Microsilver is very well tolerated and is also suitable for sensitive skin. It also contains the proven active ingredient salicylic acid (BHA, beta-hydroxy-acid). This is a proven agent in creams against blemished skin and acne. The acid can dissolve dead skin cells and have an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect, reducing existing pimples and inflammation under the skin and preventing new blackheads and pimples from clogging pores. Furthermore, salicylic acid can also prevent dandruff. To support the antimicrobial effect of microsilver, the cream also contains zinc, which not only has an antimicrobial effect, but also balances and provides protection. The sage extract contained in Silvercream can soothe irritations and impurities and restore the natural pH balance on the skin. But that's not all, because our cream with microsilver is not only to fight impurities, but also to provide the skin with everything it needs. Therefore, exquisite and proven active ingredients such as squalane, ceramide 3, lipid replenishing, hyaluronic acid and panthenol are included as nourishing components. The cream is characterized by a light, allergen-free fragrance and a pH value of approx. 6.5. For pure, soft and delicate skin! With regular use, success is usually visible after just a few days. Redness and pimples disappear, the complexion is clarified and mattified, oily problem skin is normalized. The sebaceous secretion of the skin is regulated to normal production in case of both over- and under-production, and congestion of sebum and horny cells in the pores is prevented. This means less formation of impurities. CONTENTS AQUA (WATER) - Water - Solvent, moisturizes PENTYLENE GLYCOL -Pentylene glycol - Moisturizes the skin. CETEARYL ALCOHOL - Surfactant - Washing active substance which is mulsion stabilizing and skin caring, makes the skin supple smooth and soft. CELLULOSE - Cellulose - Reduces / increases viscosity of the product, nourishes the skin and is also well tolerated by the skin. GLYCERYL STEARATE - surfactant- makes the skin smooth and supple DICAPRYLYL CARBONATE - dicaprylyl carbonate - keeps the skin in good condition and makes it smooth and supple METHYL GLUCOSE SESQUISTEARATE - surfactant - keeps the skin smooth and supple UNDECANE - Undecane - nourishes the skin and keeps it in good condition GLYCERIN - Glycerin- Moisturizes the skin, vegetable ZINC OXIDE - Zinc oxide - anitmicrobial, skin protecting, protects skin against harmful UV radiation CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE - Vegetable neutral oil- smoothes the skin, moisturizes the skin TRIDECANE - Fragrance PROPANEDIOL - Solvent - increases or decreases viscosity of the product SQUALANE - Squalane - oil extracted from the plant - prevents the loss of moisture from the skin, has great affinity to the skin and skin lipids and has excellent skin compatibility. SILVER - MicroSilver - MicroSilver BG has an antimicrobial effect on the skin CERAMIDE NP - Ceramide - keeps the skin in good condition SODIUM HYALURONATE - sodium salt of hyaluronic acid - moisturizing, skin nourishing HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (SUNFLOWER) SEED OIL - sunflower oil - skin nourishing, makes the skin smooth and keeps it in a good condition, improves the smell of the product PANTHENOL - Panthenol- Regeneration and renewal of damaged skin, Soothing and anti-inflammatory, Promotes cell growth XANTHAN GUM - Xanthan Gum - Enables the formation of emulsions, increases the viscosity of cosmetic products SALVIA TRILOBA (SAGE) LEAF EXTRACT - Sage - astringent, antimicrobial COCO-CAPRYLATE - Coco-Caprylate - contains (fatty) alcohols from coconut oil as alcoholic components - makes the skin smooth and soft SALICYLIC ACID - salicylic acid - helps remove dead skin cells, prevents dermatitis and alleviates symptoms / counteracts dandruff PARFUM (FRAGRANCE) - fragrance LINALOOL - fragrance LIMONENE - fragrance CITRIC ACID - Citric Acid - Reduction of horny skin, blackheads, acne scars, fine wrinkles, widening/deepening of pores TOCOPHEROL - Tocopherol - Tocopherol acts as a radical scavenger, in which it itself becomes an inert radical, since it is mesomerically stabilized. *MicroSilver BG is a registered trademark of Bio-Gate AG

Content: 0.05 Liter (HK$5,986.40* / 1 Liter)

HK$299.32* HK$306.26*

Tonic alcohol-free 200 ml with nettle extract

Details

Tonic alcohol-free 200 ml with nettle extract

TONIC ALCOHOL-FREE ✔ Gentle yet thorough cleansing ✔ without alcohol ✔ pH value: approx. 5.5 ✔ has a refreshing & balancing effect ✔ Developed & produced in Germany SKIN TYPE The facial toner is particularly suitable for sensitive / delicate and dry skin. APPLICATION Soak a cotton pad with the toner and wipe thoroughly over the face, neck and décolleté. CAN - cleanse the skin- ensure a clear complexion HAZARD WARNINGS Do not get into eyes & mucous membranes.Not suitable for children under 3 years. Perfect for sensitive and very dry skin: our alcohol-free tonic is a gentle speciality care product, a tonic without alcohol. The combination of active ingredients in the alcohol-free tonic: Thanks to the main active ingredient nettle extract, the tonic has a refreshing, balancing effect and rebalances the skin's pH value. The skin feels smoother and more even. Lactic acid and other active ingredients ensure that the skin is also moisturised during cleansing. Although the toner is alcohol-free, it cleanses the pores thoroughly and prepares the skin optimally for the subsequent skincare treatment. Toning is part of a balanced facial care regime and should be carried out before applying any skincare cream. The result is a clear, finely textured complexion. INGREDIENTS Aqua, Propylene Glycol, Lactic Acid, Urtica Dioica (Nettle) Extract, Sorbitol, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside, Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate, Glyceryl Caprylate, Polyglyceryl-6 Oleate, Sodium Surfactin, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Citric Acid, Parfum

Content: 0.2 Liter (HK$979.75* / 1 Liter)

HK$195.95*

Skin care for atopic dermatitis: tips and advice

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin condition that is often accompanied by itching, redness and inflammation. Although there is no cure, there are ways to care for the skin and alleviate symptoms.

Gentle cleansing

Proper cleansing is crucial for atopic dermatitis. Use RAU Cosmetics Silver Facial Washgel, a mild and anti-microbial cleansing gel, to gently cleanse the skin.

Moisturising care

RAU Cosmetics Silvercream is an anti-microbial cream that moisturises and strengthens the skin barrier. In addition, use the Silver Face & Body Spray as a tonic substitute or moisturiser for the face and body in the case of neurodermatitis.

Avoid triggers

Identify potential triggers such as stress or certain foods and try to minimise them. A healthy lifestyle can help reduce flare-ups.

Breathable clothing

Wear loose, breathable clothing to minimise friction and irritation. Cotton is a good choice for atopic dermatitis patients.

Regular skin care

A consistent skincare routine is crucial. Be sure to use products specifically designed for sensitive skin to minimise irritation.

Frequently asked questions (FAQ)

1. what is atopic dermatitis?

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin condition characterised by redness, itching and dry skin.

2. can atopic dermatitis be cured?

Atopic dermatitis cannot be cured, but it can be well managed with the right care and treatment.

3. why are RAU Cosmetics products helpful?

RAU Cosmetics offers specially developed products such as Silvercream and Silver Facial Washgel, which are suitable for sensitive skin and can help in the care of atopic dermatitis.

Caring for atopic dermatitis requires attention and patience. With the right measures and products such as RAU Cosmetics products, you can soothe the skin.